Crops affected by fall armyworm. Appearance and Life History Larva Photo by J. The pest’s adult male moth has forewings of a shaded grey and brown colour with triangular white spots at the tip. Removing the weeds and other debris can reduce the incidence of armyworms. However, adults are strong flyers and capable of long-distance migration to A) Monitoring Monitoring is the deliberate effort of checking for the presence of Fall armyworm on maize growing in your garden. Maize, the queen of cereals was reported to be infested by a range of pests, out of which the fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda is the recent one reported in India. It has around 80 Sep 17, 2021 · This year’s unprecedented fall armyworm invasion has laid waste to lawns, athletic fields and crops. Smith), causes significant damage to maize, threatening the food security and livelihood of millions of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest native to the American continent that was first detected in Africa in 2016, where it has since become a major constraint to agriculture. She was referring to the fall armyworm, a caterpillar that feeds on plants and is becoming more common in Zimbabwe and other African countries, partly because of climate change. Apr 15, 2020 · Fall armyworm (FAW), one of the most important pests of maize in Latin America, suddenly appeared in Africa in 2016 and spread rapidly. Identification of the pest: Egg masses (120-150 eggs/ egg mass) covered with scales Larvae wit h 4 black spots arranged (in square shape) on 8th and 9th abdominal segment Larvae with inverted “Y” shaped mark on head Male Feb 27, 2018 · 27/02/2018 Plant pests – the kind that can put our crops and vegetation at risk – come in many shapes and forms. Jul 1, 2018 · The fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. Often noticed in late summer, these highly destructive caterpillars crawl through once pleasantly green areas, and in Jul 8, 2019 · The fall armyworm, also known as Spodoptera frugiperda (fruit destroyer), loves to eat maize (corn) but also plagues many other crops vital to human food security, such as rice and sorghum. Jan 20, 2025 · Fall armyworm, scientifically known as Spodoptera exempta, is huge threat to maize and other cereal crops like sorghum, wheat, groundnut, soybean, including potatoes. Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous crop pest native to America and later reported in West Africa in 2016. Small areas on the north coast of Africa are environmentally suitable but not yet affected. According to CABI 2017, Fall armyworm accounted for about USD 13. Feb 5, 2024 · These pests have a broad host range and feed voraciously on staple crops, leading to significant crop losses and reduced yields. Smith, 1979), is a major agricultural pest native to the Americas that feeds on several crops, particularly maize. Biology and Damage There are two strains of fall armyworms (FAW): the corn strain and the grass strain. The fall armyworm is a chronic pest in the Southeast and can cause severe damage to grass and forage crops. Kenya is staring at a food crisis with the ongoing infestation of the African armyworm. Then, there is the Fall Armyworm (FAW) - Africa’s winged invader and farmers’ latest foe. Fall armyworm possesses several features that make it challenging to control effectively. The late planted maize crop is damaged by this pest before silking stage. Infestations result from fertile moths carried northward on storm fronts from southern states from mid July into September. Sep 17, 2021 · 2021 has been an unprecedented year for fall armyworms, not just here in Iowa but other states as well. Jan 16, 2023 · Although armyworms are aerial pests, the larval stage of these insects attacks cereal crops. Implement effective monitoring and control techniques to protect your lawn, plants, and crops. D) Control measures If you find the fall armyworm on your crops, you should take action to control them. Fall armyworm, native to tropical regions in the Western Hemisphere, can only successfully overwinter in Southern states. Learn about their life cycle, causes, impacts, & conventional & eco-friendly control methods. Jul 29, 2025 · Fall Armyworms (Corn) Spodoptera frugiperda Smith Search the Pest & Crop Newsletter The ability to see these full-sized life-cycle images is currently disabled to resolve an issue. “We have installed pheromone traps to forecast the outbreaks of both African and fall armyworm so that the outbreaks are detected as early as possible,” she said. Crop diversification has been recommended as an ecologically sustainable FAW control option. It significantly damages maize, though over 350 host species have been reported. Feb 22, 2025 · Which crops are affected by fall armyworm? Fall Armyworm affects over 80 plant species, including: Maize, rice, sorghum, wheat, Cotton, sugarcane, soybean, vegetables. 38 billion loss in maize production in African countries. Feb 28, 2023 · Paper presented by Melina Miles from DAF Qld at the GRDC Grains Research Update in Goondiwindi on fall armyworm - impact by crop, management strategy and resistance. While chemical pesticides are used against fall armyworm, these can cause overarching negative effects. Learn more about armyworms and how to get rid of them. Explore government responses and the initiatives to address the fall armyworm infestation. Thoroughly till crop residues and control weeds to reduce armyworm overwintering and feeding sites. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous plant pest that can severely impact yields of several agricultural crops. The resilient pest has proved especially devastating in the developing world with the potential to destruct hectares of vital crops including Aug 1, 2024 · (2002) K. This suggests that relationships between the crop stages, time, and duration of attack can affect the yield. Kadirire's crops Since its appearance in 2016, fall armyworm has spread to many countries and remains one of the main threats to agriculture and food security in Africa. Protect your garden and crops from these destructive pests. This represents a range of 21%-53% of the annual production of maize averaged over a three year period in these countries. Fall armyworm in initial stage cause damage to young leaves and if its damage is in cob formation stage than it affect the yield. The moths of the corn strain fly in from Texas and the Mexican Gulf Coast Table 1: Top three plants affected by FAW in Ghana and Zambia Table 2: Crop stages most affected by fall armyworm in Ghana and Zambia Table 3: Ghana: Average maize production by agro-ecological zone (pre-FAW) and estimated lower and upper production losses to FAW (2017-18 average) based on farmer perception Table 4: Zambia: Average maize May 19, 2025 · The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. Smith), has emerged as a formidable agricultural pest, posing a significant threat to a wide range of crops, including rice (Oryza sativa L. Its control has become a priority to scientists across continents. Damage varies in appearance and severity according to the type of grass and management practices. Management strategies include using pheromone traps for monitoring, scouting for eggs and larvae, and promoting biological controls. E. Fall armyworm causes serious leaf feeding damage as well as direct injury to the ear. Apr 24, 2025 · The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest native to the American continent that was first detected in Africa in 2016, where it has since become a major constraint to agriculture. ALSO READ: Africa faces permanent $2bn+ maize deficit if Fall Armyworm poorly managed The estimates indicate that for these 10 countries taken together, the potential impact of FAW on maize yield lies between 7. Fall armyworm moths arrive to the Midwest later in the season and are typically attracted Spodoptera frugiperda primarily causes damage by feeding on both vegetative and reproductive parts of host plant. Late planted fields and later maturing hybrids are more likely to become infested. Oct 14, 2024 · Fall armyworm larvae cause severe defoliation to a variety of plants, especially grasses, and fruit damage to crops like sweet corn, tomatoes, and peppers. Section 1: Behaviour, biology and ecology of the fall armyworm Here we provide a short overview of the fall armyworm (FAW), including an overview of its life cycle and behaviour. We May 3, 2023 · Crop rotation with non-host crops helps to reduce the fall armyworm population. Is it a fluke? When will it end? Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. He said a fall armyworm is distinct from the commonly known armyworms, highlighting that adult fall armyworms can travel up to 100 kilometers per day. 2017a). Key messages Fall Armyworm (FAW) in Africa has the potential to cause maize yield losses in a range from 8. FAW is a global threat to food security, impacting food production and the rural livelihoods of millions. Nov 8, 2024 · The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. 9m tonnes per year and with losses lying between $2,218m and $5,518m per year. Chemical: Effective Fall Armyworm Control Strategies for Maize, Cotton, and Vegetable Crops In the ever-evolving world of agriculture, pest control remains a critical challenge for farmers worldwide. These factors in turn impact on the crops it can damage, and how far and how fast its geographic distribution can change. Among the most devastating pests in recent years, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has emerged as a significant threat to various crops, including maize, cotton, and numerous The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. The agricultural pest feeds on plant matter, especially grasses and corn. Evaluating the peer-reviewed and grey literature, we compiled global Jan 1, 2020 · The fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (J. They are most numerous in late summer or early fall. Jan 14, 2013 · Spodoptera frugiperda The fall armyworm does not overwinter in New England. Evaluating the peer-reviewed and grey literature, we compiled global Behaviour, biology and ecology of the fall armyworm The fall armyworm, scientific name Spodoptera frugiperda, is a moth – a polyphagous (ie able to feed on many types of food) pest that is indigenous throughout the Americas. Oct 19, 2024 · Abstract Farmers in Africa perceive the impact of fall armyworm (FAW) on maize to be significant, but field assessments have shown that yield losses are not significant enough to warrant pesticide interventions. Early detection of the pest allows quick and timely response which will help minimise damages to your maize crop and reduce harvest losses What’s the context? Climate change is fuelling the spread of crop-destroying fall armyworm in Zimbabwe, dealing another blow to drought-hit farmers. 5 million farmers in 44 counties have been affected by the highly destructive and fast-spreading fall armyworm. Sep 29, 2020 · Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive polyphagous pest that causes heavy damage to several agricultural crops especially maize and rice in the world. infestations: Weed before their migration to a larval populations Avoid adjacent sequential ew maize crop. Oct 21, 2023 · The fall armyworm caterpillar is a destructive pest that destroys lawns and crops. 6m tonnes per annum, in the absence of any control methods, in just 12 of Africa’s maize-producing countries. Several measures have been May 19, 2023 · Learn how to identify army worms, the damage they cause, and effective methods to control them. Jan 17, 2025 · Last week, the ministry’s Department of Crop Development director Elida Kazira said the outbreaks were being controlled by spraying the affected fields and bushes. , 2018). Among these is the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a destructive pest that has ravaged crops in over 44 African countries Life Cycle of Fall Armyworm The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is the caterpillar species most commonly associated with foliar damage seen on turfgrasses, such as bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and home landscapes in South Carolina. The grass strain, which is the strain that infests hay fields and pastures, generally shows up after significant rain events from mid-July through fall. This study uses Nov 1, 2024 · Abstract Due to climate disruption and delayed onset of rains, maize is often sown late, outside the optimal window, increasing the impact of pests such as fall armyworm and reducing yields. , 2019; Tian et al. This migratory pest causes extensive defoliation, which can result in significant yield losses, particularly in maize. Abstract Maize is a traditional crop that is generally cultivated as a source of food, feed and fodder which is cultivated as a single crop during summer season or relayed with millet in the late season. This species severely damages staple crops like maize, sorghum, and rice, threatening food Find Fall Army Worm Maize stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. In its larva stage, it can cause significant damage to crops, if not well managed. However, if double-crop soybeans are affected in the early seedling stage by fall armyworm that consume the apical meristems, the damage is irreparable, and plant will not produce leaves or beans. In the Americas, farmers have been dealing with FAW for centuries and much research has been done on this insect. It is an insect which is native to America. In India, it was first reported in Karnataka in July, 2018 and subsequently found in other states like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and The Fall armyworm (FAW), has been reported to attack over 350 commercial and non-commercial plant hosts from at least 76 families. FALL ARMYWORM: MEASURING DAMAGE AND LOSS CAUSED BY A NOVEL INVASIVE PEST AS A GUIDE TO SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT Southern and inland armyworm caterpillars can be found in autumn and winter, often in relatively high densities, throughout the grasslands and crops of south-eastern Australia. Aug 13, 2024 · Learn how to identify, prevent, and manage fall armyworm infestations. Since its first appearance in 2015-16 season, it has caused huge financial and crop damages for maize, wheat, rice and other cereal farmers. Understanding the economic impact and management thresholds for FAW across a variety of crop commodities is crucial for effective management. While they don’t strike every year, fall armyworms can devastate forages and crops, making late-season scouting crucial. The first instar larvae start feeding nearby to the ground. While Jan 30, 2025 · As climate change intensifies, rising temperatures and increasingly unpredictable weather patterns create ideal conditions for spreading pests that threaten agriculture. The combination of FAW together with existing production constraints have threatened the stability and sustainability of food systems, livelihoods, ecosystems biodiversity, local, regional Feb 27, 2025 · Government is working swiftly to supply affected farmers with pesticides to contain the spread of both African armyworm and fall armyworm,” he said. The control option you take should be guided by the extent of the infestation. Estimates of crop losses due to FAW are essential in order to compare the impact of these losses with the cost of controlling FAW and advise appropriate technology dissemination and policy. Importance of Armyworms in Agriculture Armyworms, particularly the species known as the true armyworm, fall armyworm, and beet armyworm, have gained notoriety for their destructive feeding patterns. This species severely damages staple crops like maize, sorghum, and rice, threatening food security and the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. Global Aug 29, 2020 · Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. It is a moth species belonging to the family Noctuidae. FAW is the world's major migratory pest, mainly damaging jade Rice, paddy rice, sorghum, sugarcane, cotton, pasture, and sugar Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. ENTFACT-110: Fall Armyworm in Corn | Download PDF by Ric Bessin, Extension Entomologist University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Fall armyworm can be one of the more difficult insect pests to control in field corn. Due to its migratory crop or field 3. Its scientific name comes from Latin - Spodoptera frugiperda (from “frugiperda” or “lost fruit” because of the worm Aug 29, 2020 · Further, in Zambia, maize production is increasingly threatened by changing crop pest such as African migratory locusts and Fall Armyworm and disease habitat suitability profiles in each AEZ due Jun 19, 2025 · The African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a significant pest that affects cereal crops and pasture grasses in sub-Saharan Africa. Smith), a polyphagous insect-pest, reported from over 50 countries across Africa and Asia in just about two years. Biology The Fall Armyworm (FAW) is an insect that feeds on more than 80 plant species, including maize, rice, sorghum and sugarcane but also vegetable crops and cotton. This invasion poses a significant threat to both food security and agricultural economics. The University of Kentucky has a complete description of the lifecycle and develop of these interlopers: ‘ An Overview on Development Times for Fall Armyworm ’. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is nowadays considered a major threat to crop production and food security nationwide. We have categorized the post in two sections. Crops Affected By Fall Armyworm The larvae of the fall armyworm feeds on many different crops, but particularly affects our maize, sorghum and sugar cane farmers, damaging the crop stand and substantially reducing yields. After rice and wheat, Corn is the third most significant cereal Feb 6, 2025 · The Fall Armyworm (FAW) threatens maize crops in Africa. Fall armyworms overwinter successfully in the United States only in southern Florida and southern Texas. Flights are heavier near the coast, but move inland as well. Smith); FAW] invasion has exacerbated maize (Zea mays L. Like all caterpillars, they have chewing mouthparts. Identifying optimal sowing dates and the best genotypes is crucial to maximise yields while limiting fall armyworm (FAW) damage. Aug 22, 2024 · Discover the Q2 trends in corn production and prices, considering the effects of fall armyworm and emerging locust infestations. Since 2016, FAW has invaded Apr 15, 2022 · Fall armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) is a destructive pest that primarily targets maize (corn) crops. Aug 28, 2025 · Identify fall armyworm, understand its impact on crops, and learn proper scouting techniques and treatment thresholds for various crops and pastures. ) crop yield losses in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), already threatened by other stresses, especially th Sep 16, 2024 · Sporadic reports of fall armyworm have emerged in parts of the Corn Belt. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. Fall Armyworm (FAW), or Spodoptera frugiperda, is an insect that is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. , 2017). TOAM offers a guide with practical solutions for prevention, monitoring, and control. Mar 7, 2025 · What’s the context? Climate change is fuelling the spread of crop-destroying fall armyworm in Zimbabwe, dealing another blow to drought-hit farmers. FAW was first detected in Central Armyworms Order: Lepidoptera Family: Noctuidae Description Armyworm caterpillars tend to feed in groups, a behavior that distinguishes them from other vegetable pests such as the imported cabbageworm and cabbage looper. E Smith, 1797)] is an invasive and polyphagous insect that infests cereal crops, causing economic losses, and may be led to pose a threat to future Apr 18, 2022 · The Fall Armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the worst crop pests in Kenya. The economic consequences of fall armyworm infestations are substantial, affecting farmers' livelihoods, food security, and the overall economy of the affected regions. It prefers maize but can feed on more than 80 additional species of plants, including rice, sorghum, millet, sugarcane, vegetable crops, and cotton. The goal of this study is to consolidate and assess existing research literature on the subject’s biology, ecology, management, and impact. Early planting can avoid peak populations of sorghum fall armyworm. Preventative to enable a charact and Avoidance: maize crop, Cultural that invite fall armyworm minimizing methods tress and avoiding Early planting management-Eliminate pest densities hosts that in late season. Spodoptera spp. including the fall, beet and yellowstriped armyworm are often found in soybean, although they only occasionally cause economic damage. Jun 28, 2018 · 28 June 2018, Rome - Fall Armyworm keeps spreading to larger areas within countries in sub-Saharan Africa and becomes more destructive as it feeds on more crops and different parts of crops, increasingly growing an appetite for sorghum and millet, in addition to maize. Whorl, tassel and cob fed by larva. Among the countries affected by fall armyworm in West Africa and the Sahel, Burkina Faso was selected for this assessment based on the production level of maize, level of fall armyworm infestation and associated recorded or estimated crop Feb 25, 2023 · More than sixty, and possibly as many as eighty, different plant varieties are consumed by the fall armyworm’s voracious appetite. Fall armyworm is one of the most invasive pests threatening global food security and control options can vary across different countries, cropping systems and ways of working. The caterpillars of fall armyworms feed on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 100 plant species causing major damage to cultivated grasses, such as maize, rice, sorghum and sugarcane, as well as other crops, including cabbage, beet, peanut, soybean Sep 21, 2018 · Key messages 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa are now affected by fall armyworm (FAW). There have been many questions regarding how to manage fall armyworms in hayfields and cover crop fields. Target crops include maize (corn), sorghum, rice, wheat, cotton, millet, fodder crops and pasture species, as well as vegetable crops such as potatoes. A Department Order was signed by the Secretary of Agriculture last September 2019 for Strengthening the Crop Total Pest Number Management of corn hectares Infested: System and Total related Number of activities corn hectares in Infested: the country. “We’re here to establish the extent of Jan 24, 2021 · The invasive pest fall armyworm (FAW) has posed significant threats to Chinese agriculture since first reported in 2019, but it is still unclear exactly how the magnitude and distribution of threats vary between Chinese provinces. All three species feed on foliage. Recent climate events like hurricanes and extreme storm winds in 11 states is driving the typically southern predator northward in the U. Here is some background that may help explain some later comments. Sep 15, 2025 · Fall armyworm is an occasional pest of crops in Iowa, but when it shows up it tends to be very destructive. It has a voracious appetite, and can reproduce and spread quickly given the right environmental conditions. Harvesting early can avoid consistent damage. Maize, the most vulnerable crop Jun 1, 2023 · While fall armyworm is reported to affect several crops, yield loss estimates in SSA have been mainly on maize, a key staple in the region. FAW was recently confirmed in India and can be expected to spread to other suitable areas in Asia, including some major maize production zones. These include most vegetable crops, as well as forage and crop grasses, corn, alfalfa, soybeans, cotton, and more. Sep 22, 2018 · Fall Armyworm (FAW), or Spodoptera frugiperda, is an insect that is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Cover Crops and Fall Armyworms Fall armyworms may find their way to cover crops. Jul 1, 2020 · Abstract. The larvae eat the About armyworm in Minnesota corn: Species, habitat, at-risk fields, pest characteristics, signs of damage, managing infestations and treatments. In Colorado, problematic species include the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), and Mar 26, 2025 · Farmers say fall armyworm 'identical to a bushfire' wiping out crops in days Photo shows Four male farmers crouching in a paddock with ruined crop May 27, 2025 · ABSTRACT The invasion of fall armyworm poses a serious threat to global food security, necessitating the urgent promotion of environmentally friendly pest control technologies. Apr 29, 2022 · A farmer shows part of the maize crop destroyed by the fall armyworm at a farm in Duka Moja,Narok East sub-county in March, 2022. The first frost should take care of any remaining fall armyworms this year. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has garnered attention for causing significant damage, primarily to maize. This pest has ravaged many cereal farms across the globe, particularly maize. Therefore, if regular monitoring, field sanitation and inspection of pest is done the insect attac can be controlled by insecticide application. A recent review by Montezano et al (2018) recorded 353 S. E Smith, 1797)] is an invasive and polyphagous insect that infests cereal crops, causing economic losses, and may be led to pose a threat to future Aug 21, 2024 · During the 2020 wet season, the Department of Agriculture (DA) said 57 out of 81 provinces and 288 out of 1,488 municipalities were affected by fall armyworms. Dec 11, 2024 · Fall armyworm has spread across more than 100 countries worldwide, setting unprecedented challenges for farmers. Oct 28, 2024 · The Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, invaded China late in 2018 and was responsible for substantial crop losses, especially to maize. This page covers essential information about fall armyworm identification, treatment, and prevention strategies to safeguard harvests across different crops. First is to understand the FAW infestations Jul 23, 2020 · Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. Dec 30, 2024 · Farmers in Madurai face heavy losses due to fall armyworm infestation, impacting maize crop cultivation in the region. Jul 1, 2021 · The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. It is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and has in recent years become established in many Jan 2, 2025 · The damage caused by fall armyworm leads to significant yield losses for Zambian smallholder farmers during every crop cycle. Some are earthworms, others marine, some still jumping worms. Older larvae, feeds upon central whorl, causing extensive defoliation. This review focuses on the recent outbreaks of the African armyworm and identifies key factors contributing to its Mar 16, 2024 · Only 18 hectares of onion plantations in the country have been damaged due to armyworm or harabas infestation, according to the Department of Agriculture (DA). Nepal is an agrarian nation and the majority of the farmers grow maize on a large scale. Armyworms lay their eggs in a mass that is covered with tan (fall and yellowstriped) or white (beet) scales from the moth’s body. The corn strain is 4 days ago · Growth Cycle Fall armyworms grow through six instar (larval developmental) stages before finishing feeding and pupating. After monitoring your crop, record the number of plants that have signs of Fall armyworm. This pest has found to affect the maize substantially and Feb 14, 2017 · Scientists warn that parts of southern Africa already hit by record droughts now face another potential food crisis because the invasion of a crop-eating pest, known as the "fall armyworm". Cereal crops and fodder are likely to fail in about 33 counties because of the Sep 1, 2021 · Request PDF | Potential economic impact of invasive fall armyworm on mainly affected crops in China | The invasive pest fall armyworm (FAW) has posed significant threats to Chinese agriculture Mar 6, 2025 · She was referring to the fall armyworm, a caterpillar that feeds on plants and is becoming more common in Zimbabwe and other African countries, partly because of climate change. Jul 18, 2024 · The pest was first reported in the Philippines in June 2019, specifically in Piat, Cagayan, where it affected corn crops. The value of these losses is estimated at Sep 14, 2025 · On this basis it can be seen that currently Benin, Malawi and Zimbabwe are most affected. . The fall and beet armyworm, in particular, may also feed on pods. It uses climate metrics derived with guidance from experts to enable assessment of the risks posed by Fall Armyworm on maize production in different regions Jul 2, 2022 · Corn/Maize is the world’s highest grain-yielding crop that is affected by fall armyworm attacks. Firstly it was migrated to Africa in January 2016 and later it spread to several Asian countries. It’s the larval stage of the moth Spodoptera frugiperda. It prefers maize, but can feed on many crops. Based on survey data from 426 GM maize pilot farmers in Dec 25, 2024 · Spodoptera frugiperda is also known as fall armyworm, one of the important pests of agronomic and horticulture crops, and spread throughout the tropics and subtropics areas, threatening food security, economic advancement, and the lives of millions of cereal farmers. Jul 29, 2025 · Good grass control and the avoiding of “green bridges” where grassy weeds and cover crops overlap with corn will lower the chance of an armyworm outbreak. The life cycle of fall armyworm consists of several stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult. 5 days ago · Fall armyworms are causing significant damage to Oklahoma's agriculture, particularly winter wheat crops, as they thrive in the state's cooler and wetter conditions. Recent socioeconomic surveys have estimated maize yield losses ranging from 11% to 58%, with variations across agroecological zones and cropping seasons 8••, 20••, 21. The Mar 19, 2025 · The fall armyworm (FA W), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. The grayish-brown adult moths are strong fliers and can spread as far north Section 1: Behaviour, biology and ecology of the fall armyworm Here we provide a short overview of the fall armyworm (FAW), including an overview of its life cycle and behaviour. Watch for armyworms migrating out of maturing small grains into corn. Fall tillage can also help destroy or expose overwintering pupae. Here, we calculated the total potential cost of FAW to each of 31 Chinese provinces and identified the provinces posing the greatest threat to the rest of China. In pepper and tomato, FAW can cause severe damage to the fruit, resulting in premature drop and fruit rot. Here are some of the key characteristics of Armyworm Injury to Crops Fall armyworm larvae primarily cause damage by consuming foliage. If not managed, it can cause significant yield reduction of major cultivated cereals such as maize, rice, sorghum, as well as legumes, vegetable crops and cotton. It has not previously been established outside the Americas but its two strains have now appeared in Africa and are rapidly spreading throughout the tropical and Abstract— Having worldwide spread from its native American distribution to Africa and Asia since 2016, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a crop pest species that has entered Nepal in May 2019 and distributed all over in a rapid way. Obermeyer Several species of armyworms can be found in the Midwest each year. These strategies help farmers protect maize, ensuring better yields and promoting a more resilient agricultural system across Africa. Aug 20, 2024 · Fall armyworm larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including forages, pastures, corn, soybeans, warm season annuals (sorghum, pearl millet), small grains (cover crops), and vegetables. With an appetite for a range of host plants, they can defoliate vast areas overnight, causing significant yield reductions. By understanding this pest and implementing effective management techniques, farmers can protect their crops and livelihoods from the ravages of fall armyworm infestations. Mar 15, 2021 · Historically, local maize crops are affected by multiple herbivores including corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, black cutworm Agrotis ypsilon, Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis, armyworm Mythimna separata, white spotted leaf beetle Monolepta signata or emma field cricket Teleogryllus emma (Liu et al. S. Dec 4, 2024 · The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a significant economic pest that has rapidly spread around the world. Global crop impacts, yield losses and action thresholds for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): a review Crop Protect. There are two strains of fall armyworms. Moreover, cereal production (with maize, rice and wheat as major crops) is greatly affected by the fall armyworm that recently invaded the regions. Speaking in Sololo, Marsabit County, where he distributed pesticides to stop the invasions, State Department of Crop Development Principal Secretary Kello Harsama said 44 counties have been affected by the worms. 2013; Deutsch et al. Overton et al. Jun 11, 2025 · Learn how to identify, manage, and prevent fall armyworm infestations in corn to protect your crop and help maximize yield potential. 2018). It has reached Mindanao. The FAW is Destroy crop residues by burying or burning as they provide shelter and food to caterpillars Jan 22, 2025 · 9 Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan Introduction: Native to the Americas and highly polyphagous, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. Therefore, assessing the plant’s recovery from damage using individual Fall Armyworm Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is an insect pest that can feed on more than 80 crop species. A study was undertaken in the Rangareddy district of Telangana to determine the effect of May 17, 2023 · More than 3. The corn strain usually appears in the spring and early summer and feeds on crops such as corn, sorghum, and cotton. Organic vs. In this post, learn how to control or manage the Fall Armyworms in your field. The young larvae first feed near the ground where the damage goes unnoticed. As a key strategy in green pest control, the effectiveness of genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant crops largely depends on the extent of farmer acceptance. . The Fall Armyworm is a migratory insect pest known to cause massive destruction of maize crops under warm and humid conditions in America (RAMIREZ-CABRAL et al. Symptom of damage: Scrapping of leaf surface by young larvae. The The armyworm is a destructive pest that devastates lawns & crops. ), the Feb 26, 2025 · Fall armyworm infestations on the one hand can cause significant yield losses in affected crops, particularly in developing countries where farmers may lack effective control methods. However, limited information is available on the impacts of companion plants and their control Table 1: Top three plants affected by FAW in Ghana and Zambia Table 2: Crop stages most affected by fall armyworm in Ghana and Zambia Table 3: Ghana: Average maize production by agro-ecological zone (pre-FAW) and estimated lower and upper production losses to FAW (2017-18 average) based on farmer perception Table 4: Zambia: Average maize The late vegetative stage of soybeans can also bear heavy fall armyworm feeding. It affects the economy and agricultural trade of entire regions and is a threat to food security for millions Nov 13, 2022 · Learn how to control fall armyworm in maize using different methods such as cultural, biological, mechanical, and chemical. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) is a relatively new, polyphagous pest affecting cereal crops in Africa. The chart below can help you make a decision about the most appropriate Abstract The Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is crop pest specie commonly known as FAW. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest which is arising as one of the major threats to agricultural crop production. It is crucial for developing nations like Pakistan, where a rapidly growing population has already depleted the available food supplies. 3 to 20. The fall armyworm is a polyphagous pest that is indigenous throughout the Americas. Aug 15, 2019 · The fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (J. FAW Background Invasive and highly destructive, devastated plantations in the tropical Americas and Africa (PhP250 Billion losses, 300 Million farmers affected) Learn about how to remain vigilant in scouting for Fall Armyworm in pasture, wawns and Wheat. Kadirire's crops Jul 1, 2021 · The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. The insect pest can cause a serious damage to the fruit, resulting in premature drop and fruit rot on tomato and pepper (Abrahams et al. frugiperda larval host plant records belonging to 76 plant families, principally Apr 18, 2023 · However, in both of these regions, agriculture is also adversely affected by climate change which in turn affects the outbreak of crop pest populations (Bryan et al. Solutions include chemical crop protection to kill off the eggs and larvae, but the insect can develop resistance, and as the young pests shelter in the whorl of the leaves or enter the ears, they can often survive the Sep 28, 2021 · The fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda J. Dec 12, 2022 · What are the symptoms of Fall armyworm damage in crops? Fall armyworm damage in crops can vary depending on the stage of infestation but typically includes wilted or dying plants, holes in leaves, and excessive leaf feeding. Signs and Symptoms of Fall Armyworm Infestation Early detection of a Fall Armyworm infestation is crucial to prevent severe damage. FALL ARMYWORM: MEASURING DAMAGE AND LOSS CAUSED BY A NOVEL INVASIVE PEST AS A GUIDE TO SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT Sep 12, 2024 · Food Sources: Fall Armyworms are attracted to lush, green lawns and crops, which are plentiful during the fall, especially after heavy rainfall. Where it could make sense to spray a cover crop field for fall armyworms is if you are planning on grazing or harvesting the cover crop for forage either this fall or next spring. This work focuses on the suitability of climate across China for Fall Armyworm survival and spread. The flights are sporadic and difficult to predict, and do not necessarily correspond with corn earworm flights, so monitoring with About Fall Armyworm About Fall Armyworm Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous insect that feeds mainly on maize and more than 80 other crops, including wheat, sorghum, millet, sugarcane, vegetable crops and cotton. ) crop yield losses in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), already threatened by other stresses, especially those that are climate‐change induced. E. Fall armyworm larvae damage crops through defoliation. Recently, it has been found in Africa too. 2 and 17. It is important to monitor your maize crop frequently after germination for presence of the pest and or signs/damage symptoms. Outbreak-level populations in 2021 caught many farmers by surprise, but consistent scouting of corn, soybean, and hay crops can ensure it is caught early when treatment has the highest chance of success. frjday nlyoh oao cyctav swy ppnr orrsaem hwautb xjuhe quzq